Blessings in Closure: A Farewell to 2023

As the curtain falls on the stage of 2023, we stand at the threshold of reflection and renewal. This chapter has been a tapestry of moments woven with resilience, growth, and the subtle dance between light and shadow. In its closing pages, let's carry forward the lessons learned, cherishing the moments of growth and holding onto the collective hope that the coming year will bring new opportunities and brighter horizons. As the clock strikes midnight, may the echoes of the past harmonize with the promise of a new beginning, and may the canvas of 2024 be painted with the hues of hope, compassion, and the endless possibilities that lie ahead. Farewell, 2023 – a mosaic of memories that have sculpted the path toward a future yet to unfold.

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जब हिउँ फुल्दछ युनिभर्सिटीभरी

जब हिउँ फुल्दछ युनिभर्सिटीभरी

जिन्दगीमा झलमल उज्यालो छाउँछ

सेतो हिउँ बारीभरी, गुलाबी प्रेम मनभरी 

जीवन उड्यो उड्यो, उमंग छायो तनभरी ।

हिँउले लेख्यो प्रेम गीत,

घामलाइ साछी राखी ।

जिन्दगीको हाँसो खुलेको छ, 

सुन्दर विहानीको मधुर्य चाखी ।

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Happiness Lies Beyond the Glamour of Wealth and Fame

In a world where everyone strives to be wealthy and famous, it is essential to realize that true happiness does not necessarily come from riches or fame. Many people dream of becoming wealthy and famous one day, believing that these achievements will bring them immense joy. However, it is crucial to understand that wealth and fame don't guarantee happiness. In fact, they often come with their own set of challenges and pressures that can lead to stress and unhappiness.

Instead of solely pursuing wealth and fame, it is essential to focus on what truly brings happiness and fulfillment in life. Building meaningful relationships, pursuing one's passions, and contributing to the well-being of others are often more rewarding than the pursuit of material wealth or fame. While it is not wrong to aspire to success, it is important to remember that happiness lies in the journey, not just the destination. True contentment can be found in the simple joys of life, irrespective of one's financial or social status. That is why, I often echo the sentiments of Jim Carrey, who said "I think everybody should get rich and famous and do everything they ever dreamed of so they can see that it is not the answer."

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हरेक चाल जित्नको लागि मात्र हैन, केही शंकट टार्न पनि चाल्न सिक्नुपर्छ !

ओस्पेन्स्की (P.D Ouspensky) एक त्यस्ता स्कलर थिए जसले गुर्डजिफ (George Gurdjieff) को आध्यात्मिक एवं दार्शनीक कामलाइ अघि बढाउन प्रयास गरेका थिए । तर,  ओस्पेन्स्की एक शैद्धान्तिक स्कलर थिए तर उनको गुरू गुर्डजिफ भने एक कस्मीक म्यान थिए । गुर्डजिफ खासगरी पूर्वीय दर्शन, वेद, योग, ध्यान, साधना, सभ्यता, सस्कृतिबाट व्यापक प्रभावीत भएका र इन्डियामै बसेर पूर्वीय दर्शनको गहिरो अध्ययन गरेका व्यक्ति थिए । गुर्डजिफले शीवको तेस्रो नेत्र वा थड आइ वा तेस्रो विधि जस्तै चौथो बिधि (फोर्थ वे) को आविष्कार समेत गरेका थिए ।  गुर्डजिफको यही विधि मा अध्ययन अनुसन्धान गरेर आध्यात्मिकतालाइ पश्चिमा जगतमा ब्यापक फैलाउन भने ओस्पेन्स्की सफल भएका थिए ।

गुरू गुर्डजिफ र चेलो ओस्पेन्स्की दुबै बहुत रमाइला थिए । हाँसी मजाग गरीरहन्थे ।  ओस्पेन्स्की चेस खेलका बहुत सौखिन थिए । एकपटक, ओस्पेन्स्कीले गुरू गुर्डजिफलाइ गुरू! आज चेस खेलम भनेछन । हुन्छ नि त भनेर दुबैजना चेस खेल्न थाले । ओस्पेन्स्कीले शुरूमै गुरूलाइ चेक दिएर ग्याम जित्छु भन्ठानेर एकदम कडा कडा चालहरू चाल्न थाले किनभने ओस्पेन्स्कीलाइ थाहा नै थिएन गुर्डजिफ चेस खेलको एकदम चतुर खेलाडी हुन भन्ने कुरा । गुर्डजिफले पनि एकदम अकल्पनिय चालहरू चाल्न थाले, गुरूको कडा कडा चाल देखेपनि ओस्पेन्स्की खुद आफै कुन चाल चाल्ने भन्ने सोच्नै बिर्सन थाले । गुर्डजिफले भने ओस्पेन्स्कीको थिंकिंङ प्याट्रान लाइ नै डिस्ट्रब गरिदिन्छु भनेर बहुत चलाख, र्यानडम एवं रणनीतिपूर्ण चाल चालिरहेका थिए । 

गुरूको यस्तो अकल्पनिय स्किल देखेर ओस्पेन्स्की तीन छक त खाय खाय, तर अन्तत ग्याम ओभर नहुदै उनले सरेन्डर गरे र भने, माफ गरिदिनुस गुरू हजुरको चालले मेरो सोच नै खलबलियो । तब गुरूले भने, हेर ओस्पेन्स्की शंकट जताबाट जतिखेर पनि आउन सक्छ, हामीले होसपूर्वक एवं ध्यानपुर्वक हरेक चाल चल्नु पर्छ । हरेक चाल जित्नको लागि मात्र हैन कि केही चालहरू शंकटलाइ टार्न पनि चाल्न सिक्नुपर्छ । तब, ओस्पेन्स्की गुरूसँग माफि मागेर यो जिवन्त ज्ञानको लागि धन्यवाद भनेर गुरूसँग कहिल्यै तुजुक देखाउन नहुने रहेछ भन्ने पाठ सिकेर गए । यो कथाबाट पनि हामीले ध्यान, आध्यात्म, धैर्यता र शुन्य-अहंकार बारे राम्रो पाठ सिक्न सक्छौ ।

युगकै महान दार्शनीक एवं आध्यात्मिक गुरू सदगुरू ओशो समेत यी दुइ गुर्डजिफ र उनका चेलो ओस्पेन्स्कीको प्रशंसक थिए किनभने उहाँहरूले अघि बढाएको "चौथो विधि" वा "फोर्थ वे" ले वाकहि पश्चिमा विश्वको आत्यात्मिक क्षेत्रमा व्यापक रूपान्तरण ल्याएको छ । 

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Prospects and Future of Developing Rural Agritourism in Nepal

Nestled amidst the towering peaks of the Himalayas, Nepal's beauty extends beyond its breathtaking landscapes. With a rich agricultural heritage and cultural diversity, the country presents a promising opportunity for the development of rural agritourism. This synergy between agriculture and tourism, known as agritourism, not only offers economic benefits but also promotes sustainable development, preserves local traditions, and enhances rural livelihoods. In the context of Nepal, the prospects for rural agritourism are substantial, offering a glimpse into a prosperous future for both rural communities and the nation's economy.

Agriculture as the Backbone of Nepal's Rural Economy: Agriculture has been the cornerstone of Nepal's economy for centuries, employing the majority of its population and contributing significantly to its GDP. Despite its importance, traditional agricultural practices have often struggled to keep up with modern trends, leading to challenges such as low productivity and youth migration to urban areas in search of better opportunities.

The Concept of Agritourism: Agritourism, at its core, involves visitors experiencing rural life by engaging in farming activities, learning about local food production, and immersing themselves in the authentic culture of the area. This concept presents a unique opportunity for Nepal to bridge the gap between its agricultural heritage and the evolving demands of the tourism industry. Rural areas have the potential to become hubs of agro-based activities, cultural experiences, and sustainable livelihoods through the establishment of agritourism initiatives.

Prospects for Developing Rural Agritourism in Nepal: Amidst the idyllic backdrop of Nepal's rural landscapes lies an untapped opportunity for development of agritourism. This emerging concept marries the nation's rich agricultural traditions with the growing demand for authentic cultural experiences. By intertwining farming activities, cultural immersion, and sustainable practices, rural agritourism in Nepal holds the promise of revitalizing communities, preserving heritage, and fostering economic resilience. The following prospects outline the potential pathways for realizing these transformative benefits-

(1) Cultural Exchange: Rural Nepal is a treasure trove of diverse cultures, languages, and traditions. Agritourism can provide an avenue for cultural exchange between visitors and local communities, fostering mutual understanding and respect.

(2) Sustainable Agriculture: Agritourism encourages the adoption of sustainable farming practices, such as organic farming, permaculture, and agroforestry. Visitors can learn about these methods firsthand and contribute to the preservation of Nepal's natural resources.

(3) Economic Diversification: Developing agritourism can diversify rural economies by creating new sources of income for farmers. Income generated from tourism-related activities can supplement agricultural earnings, reducing dependence on a single income source.

(4) Preservation of Traditions: Agritourism can serve as a means to preserve traditional knowledge and skills, preventing the erosion of cultural heritage. Through activities like traditional cooking classes, handicraft workshops, and folk performances, locals can share their customs with visitors.

(5) Rural-Urban Linkages: Agritourism can act as a bridge between urban and rural areas, promoting balanced development and reducing rural-urban migration. As urbanites seek refuge from the hustle and bustle of city life, they can contribute to rural development through tourism spending.

Challenges and the Way Forward: While the allure of rural agritourism in Nepal is undeniable, its journey to fruition is not without obstacles. These challenges, however, serve as stepping stones toward a more robust and sustainable industry. By recognizing the intricacies of infrastructure, skill development, regulations, and market awareness, Nepal can chart a strategic course that harnesses the full potential of agritourism for its rural communities. As the prospects gleam brightly, acknowledging and overcoming these challenges will be essential in crafting a successful path forward-

(1) Infrastructure and Accessibility: Many rural areas lack proper infrastructure and transportation facilities, making it difficult for tourists to reach these destinations.

(2) Skill Development: Local communities may require training to effectively manage and market agritourism activities.

(3) Regulations and Sustainability: Ensuring that agritourism practices are sustainable and do not harm the local environment or culture is crucial. Clear regulations and guidelines are needed to achieve this balance.

(4) Market Awareness: Effective marketing strategies are required to attract tourists to rural areas. Collaborative efforts between government bodies, NGOs, and private sector stakeholders can raise awareness about the offerings of agritourism.

Overall, rural agritourism in Nepal has the potential to reshape the rural landscape, revitalize traditional practices, and enhance the well-being of local communities. By fostering cultural exchange, promoting sustainable agriculture, and providing economic opportunities, agritourism can create a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity. As Nepal seeks to harness its natural and cultural resources for development, embracing agritourism could be a significant step towards a prosperous future for both its rural areas and the nation as a whole.

Reference:
-Neupane, B.P. (2022). Unlocking Nepal's Rural Charm: Exploring the Potential of Agritourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism Development, 10(2), 150-165.
-Gupta, A. & Rai, S. (2023). Navigating Challenges in Rural Agritourism: Insights from Nepal's Heartland. International Journal of Community-Based Tourism, 8(1), 45-58.

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रमाइला गणितज्ञ बर्ट्रान्ड रसेल: जो आफ्ना हरेक गल्तीहरु लजिक र ह्युमर द्वारा ह्यान्डल गर्थे

१९ औँ शताब्दीका विश्वविख्यात गणितज्ञ एवं दार्शनिक बर्ट्रान्ड रसेल (Bertrand Russell) एकदमै रमाइला प्रोफेसर थिए । रसेल मात्र एक त्यस्ता महान् व्यक्ति हुन जो खासमा गणीतज्ञ भएर पनि साहित्यको क्षेत्रबाट नोबेल पुरस्कार पाएका थिए । उनी लजिक, सिद्धान्त, दर्शन र गणितमा जति गम्भीर हुन्थे, उति नै ह्यमुरस एवं रमाइला गणितज्ञ पनि थिए । उहाँको गणितसँग सम्बन्धित एकदमै रोचक र हास्यास्पद घटनाहरू धेरै छन् । 

एक पटक उनले गणितको सेट थ्यउरी पढाइरहँदा, उहाँले नै प्रतिपादन गर्नुभएको सेटको प्याराडक्स (विरोधाभाष) सिद्धान्त बारे छलफल गरिरहेका थिए । सो सिद्धान्तमा- आफैँमा समावेश नभएका सेटहरूको पनि सेटहरूलाई कन्सिडर गरिन्छ, अनि सो सेट आफैँमा समावेश छ या छैन भनेर विश्लेषण गरिन्छ । जहाँ, यदि सो सेट समावेश छ भने, छैन; र यदि सो सेट समावेश छैन भने, छ; मानिन्छ । यो आफैमा एकदमै विरोधाभास सिद्धान्त छ, त्यसैले नै एसको नाम नै "रसेल्स थेउरी अफ प्याराडक्स" हो । 

आफैले प्रतिपादन गरेको त्यो जटिल विरोधाभास सिद्धान्तको व्याख्या गर्दा, रसेलले झुकिएर गल्ती गरेछन् । तब एक जना विद्यार्थीले रसेलले गरेको सो त्रुटि पत्ता लगाएछन् । तब, रसेल जस्तो गणितज्ञले पढाएकोमा पनि त्रुटि पत्ता लगाइदिने यो त धेरै जिनियस विद्यार्थी रहेछ भनेर न स्याबासी पाइन्छ कि भन्ठानेर ती विद्यार्थीले रसेलको सो त्रुटि लाई औंल्याएछन ।

विद्यार्थीले हात उठाए अनि आत्मविश्वासका साथ भने, प्रोफेसर! तपाईँले गल्ती गर्नुभयो, तपाईँले परिभाषित गर्नुभएको सेट एक्जिस्ट हुन सक्दैन, किनकि यसले विरोधाभास निम्त्याउँछ ।

आफ्नो तीव्र तर्क बुद्धिका लागि परिचित रसेलले हाँस्दै रमाइलो पारामा जवाफ दिए, "व, या, या, वेड डन, सही पत्ता लगायौ" । तिमिहरू सबैले मैले पढाएको ध्यान दिइरहेका छौ कि छैनौ भन्ने जाँच्नको लागि मैले जानाजान त्यो गल्ती गरेको थिए । 

तब सबै विद्यार्थी हाँस्न थाले, तब रसेलले पुनः उनको गल्तीलाई हाँस्दै सुधारेर पढाए । यसबाट के साबित हुन्छ भने रसेल आफ्ना गल्तीहरूलाई लजिक प्रयाेग गरेर रमाइलो तरीकाले वा हाँस्दै हाँस्दै कसरी ह्यान्डल गर्न चतुर रहेछन् भन्ने बुझिन्छ ।

त्यसर्थ, हामीले पनि जीवनका हरेक गल्ती कमजोरीहरूलाई हाँसी हाँसी रमाइलो तरीकाले ह्यान्डल गर्न सक्यौ भने जीवन सदैव रमणीय रहन्छ । 

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When Urban Dreams Threaten Rural Roots: A Call for Reflection

In the midst of the ever-looming "Alarm of Food Crisis" a disconcerting trend has begun to take shape, shaking the foundations of sustainable living. It is a trend that sees people, in pursuit of modern comforts and luxurious lifestyles, turning away from the traditional fabric of village agriculture and flocking to urban centers. The allure of urban living, coupled with the prevailing view of it as a symbol of progress, has contributed to the gradual erosion of a once-steadfast connection to the land and its agricultural roots. This shift has led to a gradual abandonment of the traditional farming way of life, with more and more individuals relocating to urban areas. This phenomenon raises questions about the sustainability of such a pattern.

In parallel, a disheartening shift has emerged within families, as parents increasingly shy away from passing down the age-old wisdom of farming to their children. This generational gap in knowledge transmission threatens not only the survival of agricultural traditions but also the very essence of self-sufficiency.  The distancing of parents from involving their children in farming reflects a broader societal shift away from valuing and appreciating this essential occupation. As farming knowledge becomes a forgotten language, the intricate dance between humans and the land becomes strained, raising questions about our ability to provide for ourselves in the face of the mounting food crisis.

Furthermore, a distressing trend has emerged among educated individuals who harbor disdainful views towards farming as a viable profession. This derogatory perception overlooks the critical role that agriculture plays in ensuring food security and sustenance for communities and nations. The irony of such attitudes lies in their ignorance of the fact that the food on their tables and the life they lead are intrinsically intertwined with the laborious toil of farmers who cultivate the land. If they do not respect the agricultural profession, then what will they eat when the farming culture becomes extinct? Will they resort to consuming stone or sand? This underscores the pressing need to address this disconnection from the very roots of sustenance. Because if these trends continue, there is a growing concern about the long-term consequences on food production, livelihoods, and the overall well-being of societies.

In light of these developments, the need for a transformative shift in our collective mindset becomes increasingly evident. Amidst the growing din of the food crisis alarm, a clarion call echoes - a call for everyone to embrace agriculture not merely as a vocation but as a way of life, a way that harkens back to our origins and strengthens the bond between humans and the earth. To ensure food security, we must encourage a cultural revival that holds farming in high regard, celebrating it as a noble pursuit. Touching the soil and nurturing plants must be revered as acts that harmonize the lives of people with the natural world, rather than being relegated to the margins of our consciousness.

By adopting agriculture proudly and with a sense of purpose, we take strides towards dismantling the resounding ring of the food crisis alarm. We sow the seeds of resilience, self-sufficiency, and community, creating a tapestry where every individual plays a role in safeguarding our sustenance. Let us heed this call and cultivate a future where the song of bountiful harvests drowns out the echoes of impending scarcity.

Let's pause, reflect, and recalibrate our course, redirecting our focus back to the realm of Farming, guided by the potent Vedic verse - 'कृषी मुलस्च जीवनम्' (Krishi Mulasch Jeevanam), and the poignant adage 'उत्तम खेती, मध्ययम व्यापार, कमसल जागीर' (Uttam Kheti, Madhyam Vyapar, Kamsal Jaagir); which serve as beacons urging us to rekindle the flame of the Farming profession once again."

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Monoculture Unmasked: The Devastating Effects on Soil, Humans, and Animals

Monoculture, the practice of cultivating a single crop on a large scale, has been increasingly detrimental to traditional organic agricultural practices, soil health, and the well-being of both humans and animals. This shift towards monoculture has led to a decline in biodiversity, disrupting the delicate ecological balance that sustains organic farming. Without a diverse range of crops, the soil's natural fertility is compromised, as monoculture can deplete essential nutrients while promoting the growth of pests and diseases that target specific plants.

The negative impacts of monoculture extend beyond the soil. Traditional organic agricultural practices emphasize crop rotation and companion planting, techniques that naturally deter pests and enhance soil fertility. However, monoculture disrupts these practices, relying heavily on pesticides and synthetic fertilizers to compensate for the lack of diversity. This not only harms beneficial insects and pollinators but also increases the risk of chemical residues entering the food chain, affecting the health of both humans and animals that consume these crops.

Moreover, monoculture's impact on human health goes beyond direct exposure to chemicals. The nutritional quality of monoculture crops can be compromised due to soil degradation and a lack of diversity in the diet. As traditional crops rich in essential nutrients are overshadowed by single-crop dominance, human populations can suffer from deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, contributing to various health issues. Additionally, the loss of cultural heritage associated with diverse organic farming practices can have profound effects on the mental and emotional well-being of communities that have historically relied on these practices.

In the broader context, monoculture's influence extends to a sense of disconnection from nature. Traditional organic agricultural practices often foster a deep understanding of the environment and its cycles, creating a connection between humans and the land. Monoculture disrupts this connection, reducing the farming process to a mechanical routine that prioritizes profit over sustainability. This detachment from nature not only affects the soulful aspects of farming but also hampers efforts to address broader environmental challenges.

In conclusion, monoculture's detrimental impact on traditional organic agricultural practices, soil health, human well-being, and the environment at large is evident. To mitigate these effects, a shift back towards diverse and sustainable farming methods is essential. By embracing crop diversity, crop rotation, and environmentally conscious practices, we can revive the richness of traditional organic agriculture, promoting healthier soil, bodies, minds, and even souls for a more balanced and harmonious future.

References:
-Muller, D.R. (2019). Monoculture's Impact on Organic Agriculture and Soil Health. Green Publishing.
-Martinez, R. D. (2020). Unraveling the Effects of Monoculture on Human Health and Well-being. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 15(3), 112-129.

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Beyond Growth: Following Nature's Lead in Rescuing Earth and Civilization

In an era where the relentless pursuit of growth has often come at the cost of our planet's wellbeing, it's time to reconsider our trajectory. Let us dare to veer away from the path of ceaseless expansion and instead, embrace the harmonious route that nature has paved for us. By doing so, we not only safeguard the Earth's delicate balance but also ensure the survival of human civilization itself.

The path of growth has frequently led us down a road of exploitation, draining our natural resources and compromising the very ecosystems that sustain us. In contrast, the path of nature beckons us to coexist in synergy with our environment, fostering a sustainable cohabitation that nurtures both humanity and the planet. It's a call to step back from rampant consumerism and heed the wisdom that nature offers - a cyclical rhythm, where every action has a consequence, and every resource is cherished.

Choosing nature over growth requires a shift in perspective, an understanding that true progress is not measured solely by material accumulation. It involves acknowledging that the health of the planet is intrinsically linked to the health of our societies. By embracing nature's teachings, we not only alleviate the strains on our Earth but also open the door to innovative solutions that align with the ecosystems we inhabit. So, let us embark on a journey where our steps are guided by the principles of sustainability, and our legacy is one of stewardship rather than exploitation - a future in which the Earth thrives, and human civilization flourishes in harmony.

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Food Waste in the Global North and its Indirect Impact on Food Security in the Global South

Food waste is a critical issue that has far-reaching consequences not only for the environment but also for global food security. While it might seem like a localized problem, the issue of food waste in the Global North has the potential to indirectly affect the food security of the Global South, creating a complex web of interconnected challenges.

The Scope of Food Waste: In the developed regions of the world, particularly in the Global North, a significant amount of food is wasted throughout the supply chain. This waste occurs at various stages, including production, distribution, retail, and consumption. Factors such as high consumer demand for aesthetically pleasing produce, overstocking in supermarkets, and improper storage practices contribute to this wastage. The paradoxical coexistence of food waste and food insecurity is evident when considering that billions of people in the Global South lack access to adequate nutrition.

Resource Inefficiency and Environmental Impact: Food waste is not just a concern due to its social implications, but also due to its environmental footprint. The resources that go into producing, packaging, transporting, and storing food that ultimately goes to waste result in unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and the misuse of water, land, and energy resources. These resources could otherwise be redirected towards addressing food security concerns in regions where it is sorely needed.

Interconnected Food Systems: The world's food systems are deeply interconnected. Agricultural practices, trade policies, and economic factors in one part of the world can have cascading effects on food security in another. Excessive food waste in the Global North can exacerbate existing disparities in food availability and affordability. As food prices rise due to inefficiencies in the supply chain, it becomes even harder for vulnerable populations in the Global South to access the sustenance they need.

Global South Vulnerabilities: In the Global South, many nations struggle with issues such as poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and climate change impacts. These factors contribute to food insecurity, as crops fail, markets become inaccessible, and livelihoods are threatened. When the Global North wastes food, it inadvertently amplifies the challenges faced by the Global South. Scarce resources are further strained, exacerbating the struggle for food security.

Collaborative Solutions: Addressing the complex relationship between food waste in the Global North and food security in the Global South requires collaborative efforts on a global scale. Governments, international organizations, businesses, and individuals all play a role in reducing food waste and mitigating its indirect impacts. This can involve implementing stricter regulations on food waste, promoting sustainable production and consumption patterns, and supporting initiatives that redirect surplus food to those in need.

Conclusion: The issue of food waste extends far beyond the borders of individual countries. The wasteful practices of the Global North have implications that stretch across continents, affecting the food security of the Global South. A more holistic approach to addressing food waste, rooted in sustainable practices and global cooperation, is crucial for ensuring that all individuals, regardless of their geographic location, have access to the nutrition they need to thrive.

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AI in Agriculture: Balancing Ease and Caution for a Sustainable Future

AI has proven itself to be a double-edged sword, simultaneously offering benefits and posing potential risks. Its dual nature is evident in the realm of daily tasks, where AI streamlines processes and simplifies work while also presenting concerns about job displacement and loss of human touch. The challenge lies in striking a balance that maximizes the advantages of AI while minimizing its adverse effects. To effectively integrate AI into agriculture, a judicious approach is crucial.

In the agricultural sector, AI holds the promise of revolutionizing productivity and sustainability. By utilizing AI-powered sensors and drones, farmers can monitor crop health, predict pest outbreaks, and optimize irrigation, thereby enhancing yields and reducing resource wastage. However, embracing AI should come with careful consideration of ethical and social implications. Ensuring that farmers remain at the center of decision-making and possess the necessary skills to operate AI systems will be vital to prevent dependency and maintain human control over agricultural processes.

To adopt AI wisely in agriculture, a comprehensive strategy is necessary. Policymakers and stakeholders should prioritize investments in AI education and training, empowering farmers to understand and leverage AI tools effectively. Collaborations between technology experts, agronomists, and farmers can foster the development of tailor-made AI solutions that address specific agricultural challenges. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks should be established to guarantee data privacy, prevent monopolies, and safeguard against biased algorithms. By embracing AI as a valuable ally rather than a complete replacement, the agriculture industry can harness its potential to elevate efficiency, sustainability, and livelihoods without compromising the fundamental values of human involvement in nurturing the land.

References:
Novus, A. R. (2022).Harvesting Tomorrow: Navigating the AI Cultivation Revolution. AgriTech Chronicles, Volume 7, Issue 3, Year 2024

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Nature's Therapy: How Barefoot Running Transformed My Life

Every morning, as the sun rises and the dew glistens on the grass, I embark on my barefoot running journey through the lush green fields. This daily ritual has become a source of immense strength for me, not only physically but also mentally and spiritually. As I feel the earth beneath my feet, I am reminded of the power of grounding and connecting with nature. The natural foot strengthening from running barefoot on the grass has improved my overall physical fitness, enhancing my endurance and agility. I find myself feeling more alive and energized throughout the day, ready to tackle any challenges that come my way.

Beyond the physical benefits, barefoot running in the grass has had a profound impact on my mental well-being. The serenity of the natural surroundings calms my mind, helping me release stress and find clarity amidst the daily hustle. It has become a form of moving meditation, where I can be fully present in the moment, listening to the birds' melodies and feeling the gentle breeze against my skin. This practice has given me a newfound appreciation for the beauty of nature and a sense of interconnectedness with the ecosystem. I now realize that my well-being is intricately linked to the well-being of the planet, prompting me to adopt more sustainable and eco-friendly habits.

As I continue my barefoot running routine, I have noticed significant growth in all areas of my life. The daily dose of nature has inspired my creativity and problem-solving abilities. I approach challenges with a fresh perspective and a greater sense of resilience. Moreover, this connection with nature has deepened my spiritual understanding, fostering a sense of gratitude and humility. I feel more in sync with the rhythms of life, acknowledging that I am just a small part of a vast and intricate web of existence. This realization has encouraged me to lead a more conscious and purposeful life, aligning my actions with my values and making a positive impact on the world around me.

In essence, barefoot running on the grass has become much more than just a physical exercise; it has become a transformative journey that nourishes my mind, body, and soul. It keeps me connected with nature, reminding me of the beauty and wonder that surround us every day. This communion with the natural world has empowered me to approach life with newfound strength and insight, contributing to my personal growth and allowing me to create a more harmonious and fulfilling life for myself and others.

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From Childhood to Adulthood: A Tale of a Swimming Enthusiast

Many Greetings, fellow water lovers and fitness enthusiasts! Today, I had like to take you on a journey through my life, one that has been intertwined with the mesmerizing art of swimming. From the moment I was born in the quaint village of Alkatar (Nepal), situated near the majestic Big Budhi Gandaki River and Singh Khola, I felt an irresistible pull towards the shimmering waters.

My Lifelong Love Affair with Swimming

As a child, I could not resist the allure of the cool river that beckoned me during every summer vacation. It was during those sunny days that I learned the art of swimming from the waters of Singh Khola and Budhi Gandaki River. My friends and I were so passionate about swimming that even during school, when the scorching heat of summer left us feeling uncomfortable, we had find ourselves escaping to the river during our lunch breaks, like playful fugitives.

As days turned into years, swimming became more than just a pastime. It became a part of me, a habit that I carried with me into adulthood. I swam whenever and wherever I could, and the passion only grew stronger.

Confidence and Mastery: A Lifelong Commitment
If someone were to ask me about my areas of expertise, I had proudly declare that swimming, cycling, walking and typing were the four arenas where I excelled exceptionally. I used to boast to my friends that even if stranded in the middle of the vast ocean, I would fearlessly swim to safety, carrying the strength of a thousand tides within me.

Weekends were a haven for me as they meant ample time for swimming. With every stroke, I could feel my body becoming stronger, my mind clearer, and my spirit freer. The benefits of swimming extended far beyond mere physical exercise, encompassing mental and spiritual rejuvenation.

The Multifaceted Benefits of Swimming
Swimming, beyond being a passionate pursuit, holds incredible health benefits. Allow me to elaborate on some of the key advantages it has offered me throughout my life:

1. Physical Health: Swimming is an unparalleled full-body workout that engages various muscle groups, elevates heart health, and improves overall endurance and flexibility. The best part is its low-impact nature, ensuring minimal strain on joints and reducing the risk of injuries. By embracing regular swimming, I have been able to maintain a healthy weight, enhance my lung capacity, and lower the chances of chronic ailments.

2. Mental Well-being: As I glide through the water, a sense of serenity envelopes me. Swimming has the power to induce a state of meditative bliss, reducing stress and anxiety. The rhythm of the strokes and the soothing sound of water create a peaceful ambiance, allowing me to find mental clarity and mindfulness. Swimming becomes more than a physical exercise; it becomes an active form of meditation, nurturing a profound connection with oneself and promoting tranquility.

3. Overall Well-rounded Exercise: Unlike many other exercises that focus on specific muscle groups, swimming provides a comprehensive workout for both the upper and lower body. The feeling of weightlessness in water not only eases physical strain but also uplifts the spirit, giving a sense of freedom and joy. The holistic nature of swimming makes it an ideal choice for those seeking a well-rounded, enjoyable, and spiritually fulfilling exercise regimen.

Embrace the Waters: Dive into a Healthier Life
Swimming has been my faithful companion throughout life's journey, empowering me physically, mentally, and spiritually. From childhood memories of splashing in the Big Budhi Gandaki River to my present-day weekends spent gliding through pristine pools, the love for swimming remains eternal.

If you have not yet experienced the wonders of swimming, I wholeheartedly urge you to embrace the waters and explore this incredible world. Whether it is in the calm embrace of a river, the vastness of the ocean, or the tranquility of a lake or pool, swimming promises a lifetime of adventure and well-being. Dive in, and let the waters unlock a fount of joy, health, and serenity within you. Happy swimming!

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मेरी निर्झर रूपचन्द्रिका

मलाई थाहा छ,

तिमि कोमल र अनमोल छौ ।

त्यसैले त तिमी, मेरो जीवनको प्रेम हौ ।

मलाई थाहा छ,

तिमि सगरमाथा जस्तो उच्च र शान्त छौ,

त्यसैले त तिमी, मेर‍ो प्रेमको गहिराही हौ ।

मलाई थाहा छ,

तिमि सागर जस्तो गहिरो र विराट छौ,

त्यसैले त तिमी,मेरो प्रेमको चुचुरो हौ ।

मलाई थाहा छ,

तिमि नदी जस्तो सतत र पवित्र  छौ,

त्यसैले त तिमी, मेरो प्रेमको लम्बाई हौ ।

मलाई थाहा छ,

तिमि आकाश जस्तो अनन्त र उज्यालो छौ,

त्यसैले त तिमि, मेरो प्रेमको केन्द्र हौ ।

मलाई थाहा छ,

तिमि सं/गीत जस्तो सुमधुर र भावमय छौ,

त्यसैले त तिमी, मेरो जीवनको अर्थ हौ ।

मलाई थाहा छ,

तिमि फूल जस्तो सुगन्धीत र हराभरा छौ,

त्यसैले त तिमी, मेरो जीवनको आशा हौ ।

मलाई थाहा छ,

तिमि चाँदनी जस्तो शीतल र झलमल छौ,

त्यसैले त तिमि, मेरो जीवनको रोशनी हौ ।

मलाई थाहा छ,

तिमि तारा जस्तो चम्किलो र रहस्यमयी छौ,

त्यसैले त तिमी, मेरो जीवनभरिको खोज हौ ।

मलाई थाहा छ,

तिमि झरना जस्तो निर्झर र निश्छल छौ,

त्यसैले त तिमी, मेरो जीवनको शान्ति हौ ।

मलाई थाहा छ,

तिमि आगो जस्तो उष्ण र ज्ज्वलन्त छौ ।

त्यसैले त तिमी, मेरो प्रेमको शक्ति हौ ।

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Three baths to live a healthy and happy life

In my pursuit of a healthy and fulfilling life, I stumbled upon three simple yet powerful keys that have unlocked the door to joy and vitality: cold water bath, sun bath and forest bath. These three practices, which have been passed down through generations in various cultures, have profoundly impacted my overall well-being and have the potential to extend one's life for centuries. Embracing these natural therapies has transformed my life and I am eager to share my experience with the world.

Cold Water Bath: Taking a daily cold water bath has been a transformative experience. At first, the idea of immersing myself in cold water was daunting, but the benefits soon became apparent. Cold water therapy invigorates the body, stimulating blood circulation and boosting the immune system. It has enhanced my mental clarity and sharpened my focus, allowing me to tackle daily challenges with renewed vigor. Moreover, the regular practice of cold water bathing has strengthened my resilience to stress and improved my sleep patterns. The exhilarating feeling of cold water against the skin has become an essential part of my daily routine, promoting longevity through its myriad of health benefits.

Sun Bath: Embracing the healing power of the sun through regular sun baths has been a revelation. The sun's rays provide us with essential vitamin D, which plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health, immune function and overall vitality. I found that basking in the gentle warmth of the morning sun not only lifted my spirits but also enhanced my body's ability to absorb vital nutrients. Sunlight has been linked to the regulation of circadian rhythms, ensuring restful sleep and promoting a balanced hormonal profile. My skin has also improved significantly and I feel more energetic and youthful than ever before, thanks to the sun's nurturing embrace.

Forest Bathing: Connecting with nature by immersing myself in the serene environment of the forest has been a profoundly rejuvenating experience. Forest bathing, a practice originating in Japan known as "Shinrin-Yoku" involves mindfully walking and meditating in nature. The fresh air, natural aromas and calming ambiance have a remarkable impact on stress reduction, mental clarity and emotional well-being. Forests emit special compounds called phytoncides, which boost our immune system and promote healing. The sense of peace and harmony I experience during forest bathing not only adds blissfulness to my life but enhances the quality of my life significantly.

Through my personal journey of embracing the three simple keys of cold water bath, sun bath and forest bath, I have unlocked the potential for living healthy and blissful life. These ancient practices have enriched my life by improving my physical health, mental clarity, emotional well-being and overall vitality. By incorporating these natural therapies into my daily routine, I have discovered a profound sense of balance and contentment that continues to support my goals of living a healthy and happy life. As I continue this journey, I encourage others to explore these transformative practices and unlock the secrets to a healthy and fulfilling life.

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How did Nietzsche become insane? नित्से कसरी पागल भए ?

१९ औँ शताब्दीको विश्वविख्यात जर्मन दार्शनिक एवं कवि फ्रेडरिक नित्से (Friedrich Nietzsche) एकदम करुणाले भरिएका व्यक्ति थिए । उनी मनबाट जति कोमल थिए त्यो भन्दा बढी उनी एकदम रमाइला, एकदम हँसिला एवं प्रकृतिवादी थिए । उहाँ स्विजर्ल्यान्डको बसेल युनिभर्सिटीको प्रोफेसर हुनुहुन्थ्यो । सारा जीवजन्तु, चराचुरुङ्गी, किराफट्यांग्रा, ढुङ्गा, माटो, जल, वायु, वनस्पति, आकाश, सूर्य, अग्नि सबै सबै पक्षहरू एक अर्का बिच घनिष्ट पारस्परिक सम्बन्ध रहेको हुन्छ त्यसैले हामीले सबैको प्रेमपूर्वक सम्मान गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने विचार थियो उनको । 

एक पटक नित्से इटालीको टुरिन सहर भ्रमण गर्दै थिए । अकस्मात् सडकमा एक जना मानिसले एउटा घोडालाई दुर्व्यवहार वा कुटपिट गरिरहेको नित्सेले देखे । त्यो दृश्य देखेर नित्से एकदम विचलित भए, भावविभोर भए र उनी घोडाको छेउमा पुगे । र, घोडालाई सुमसुमाउँदै बर-बर्ती आँसु झार्दै रुन थाले । अनि, घोडाले पनि भावविभोर नित्सेको कोमल मनको पीडा बुझेर शिर झुकायो ।  

तर, दुःखद कुरा के हो भने, यस घटना पछि नित्सेको मानसिक स्वास्थ्य बिग्रिन थाल्यो । बिस्तारै बिस्तारै उनको मानसिक विघटन बढ्दै गयो । यतिसम्म भयो कि पछि उनले जीवनभर मानसिक आश्रय-स्थल (asylum) मा बिताउनु पर्‍यो । भनिन्छ, उनको पागलपना सुरु हुनुमा त्यही इटालीको सहरमा घोडालाई कसैले निर्घात कुटेको देखेको घटनाले बढी प्रभाव पार्‍यो । 

त्यसर्थ, मानिसको मनको कोमलतामा कहाँनेर कतिखेर चोट पुग्न सक्छ भन्ने कुरा हामी सबैले हरेक पल मनमा लिनुपर्दछ र सकेसम्म सृष्टिको सबै सबै पक्षहरूसँग घनिष्टतम सम्बन्ध, सम्मान र सद्भाव राख्नुपर्दछ भन्ने कुरा हामीले भुल्नुहुँदैन ।

#श्रोतः जर्मन भाषामा प्रकाशित उहाँको जीवनी अंशलाइ मेरो भावअनुवाद।

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घडीको सेकेन्ड सुई अनुसार चल्ने दार्शनिक

१८ औँ शताब्दीका विश्वविख्यात जर्मन दार्शनिक/विचारक इम्यानुअल कान्ट (Immanuel Kant) आफ्नो दैनिक दिनचर्याको सन्दर्भमा एकदम अनुशासित व्यक्तिको रूपमा प्रख्यात छन् । विशेष गरी पंचुआलीटी वा समयको सम्मानमा उनी जीवनभर एक सेकेन्ड पनि तलमाथि चुकेनन् । त्यसैले, उनलाई घडीको सेकेन्ड सुई अनुसार चल्ने दार्शनिकको रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छ । उहाँ कोनिस्बर्ग युनिभर्सिटीको प्रोफेसर हुनुहुन्थ्यो ।

उनी हरेक दिन बेलुकाको ठ्याक्क ३ बजेपछि जङ्गलतिर बरालिन वा जङ्गल बाथको लागि वाकिङ जाने गर्नुहुन्थ्याे । यतिसम्मकी, उनको गृहनगर कोनिग्सबर्गका मानिसहरूले आफ्ना कामहरूको रुटिन नै कान्ट हिँडेको आवाजसँग सेट गरेका रहेछन् । अर्थात्, जब कान्ट हिँडेको आवाज आउँछ तब छिमेकीहरूले लु बेलुकाको ३ बजिसकेछ भन्दा रहेछन् । 

एक पटक एक जना छिमेकीले कान्टको नियमित हिँड्ने समय भन्दा केही मिनेट ढिला भइसक्दा पनि कान्ट नआएको नोटिस गरेछन् । तब, ती छिमेकी न कान्टलाइ केहि भएछ कि भनेर चिन्तित हुँदै जाँच गर्न कान्टको घरमा पुगेछन् । तर, त्यतिखेरसम्म कान्ट उनको नियमित वाकिङको लागि तयार हुँदै रहेछन् । 

अनि, ती छिमेकीले छक्क पर्दै सोधेछन्- प्रोफेसर! तपाइ आज किन ढिला हिँड्दै हुनुहुन्छ, के गडबडी भयो भन्नुस त?

तब कान्टले हाँस्दै भनेछन- "हेर्न्नुस न, हिजो मैले आजदेखि १५ मिनेट ढिला हिँड्न सुरु गर्ने निर्णय गरेँ, तर मैले जानाजान गरेको १५ मिनेट ढिला हिँड्ने निर्णयमा अडिक रहेर ठ्याक्कै १५ मिनेट ढिला हिँड्न थाल्नको लागि, अर्थात् १५ मिनेट समय विताउनकाे लागि एक पटक मोजा र जुत्ता लगाएर फुकालेर फेरी लगाउँदै छु ताकि म मेराे हिजाेकाे निर्णय अनुसार ठ्याक्कै १५ मिनेट ढिला हिँड्न थाल्न सकूँ ।" 

कान्टको यस कथनबाट के थाहा हुन्छ भने उनी उनको दिनचर्याप्रति कति समयनिष्ठ, प्रतिबद्ध र अनुशासित थिए । उनी यस्ता थिए कि, बिहानको १२ बज्यो भनेपछि ठ्याक्कै लन्च खानै पर्ने, साँझ ६ बज्यो भनेपछि डिनर खानै पर्ने, बेलुकाको ९ बज्यो भनेपछि सुत्नै पर्ने । हामी पनि थाेरबहुत समयनिष्ठ हुन सिकौँ ।

Reference: 

-TheDimondSutras (A book by OSHO)

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Nature and Spirituality

This spiritual poem of me is already published in a Year Book of FAU in 2022. I am republishing it here just for documentation purpose. 

Nature and Spirituality

I love to walk in the jungle everyday;
to be silent, meditative and blissful;
to fi nd my own version of happiness.
I do not like to live connected to Wi-Fi all the time;
I am not a virtual being
I am a natural being
I love to connect with nature
It is because
I see God in birds, in animals, in trees,
in stone, in soil, in water, in wind, in sun.

After the deep connection with nature
I changed the philosophy of my life-
Just as birds have no country;
I believe that I am also a citizen of the cosmos.
Just as animals have no religion;
I believe only in the religion of love and humanity.
As birds can fl y anywhere in the sky;
I believe in the ultimate freedom.

Anybody who can be sensitive to the nature;
Can see its beauty, magic, wonder and miracle;
Can benefit from its all free-gifts
to nourish our physical and spiritual bodies.

Even we are buying our food from market,
We do not have to forget that
every food is a gift given to us by nature.
That is why, from our lives
that are slaves to modern devices,
internet and machines,
please take some time to connect with nature.
Spending some time walking in forest, touching
plants, trees and soil will harmonize our life.

As our body is made by soil, water, air, fi re and space,
our heartbeat must need to match the beat of nature.
Therefore;
To match "your nature" with "nature",
please do not forget to connect with nature.

LEBENSMOTTO:
The ultimate goals of my life is to live a simple (non-materialistic) life in a loving way within the ecosystem of all living beings, in harmony with the rhythm of nature, without hurting anyone, connecting more with the nature rather than machine, device and internet.

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नेपालको राजनीति ‘काशी जाने कुतीको बाटो’ जस्तै छ

यो अन्तरवार्ता जनसवाल राष्ट्रिय दैनिकको छापा पत्रिकामा र अनलानइनमा मिति २०७६ साल जेठ २७ गते  प्रकाशित भएको अन्तरवार्ता हो, त्यसको अफिसियल लिंक यो हो-  नेपालको राजनीति ‘काशी जाने कुतीको बाटो’ जस्तै छ ।

काठमाडौं । राजनीतिक चिन्तक तथा राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार आयोगको  पूर्व सदस्य प्रा. कपिल श्रेष्ठसँग नेपालको आर्थीक, राजनीतिक एवं विकासको विभिन्न पक्षहरूमा केन्द्रीत भइ जनसवाल राष्ट्रिय दैनिकका सह–सम्पादक भीम प्रसाद न्यौपानेले गरेको कुराकानीको सारसंक्षेपस् : 

यहाँ ‘पोलिटिकल साइन्टिस्ट’ हुनुहुन्छ, अहिलेको राजनीति कुन दिशामा गइरहेको छ सर्सती बताईदिनुस न?

नेपालले विगतको दशकमा धेरै ठूला–ठूला उपलब्धिहरू हासिल गरेको थियो । जस्तो कि जङ्गलमा बटारिएर हिँडेको माओवादी शान्तिप्रक्रियामा आयो, दुईवटा संविधान सभाका चुनावहरू शान्तिपूर्वक सम्पन्न भयो, संविधान बन्यो, संविधान अनुसार सङ्घीय, प्रादेशिक र स्थानीय गरी तीनै तहका निर्वाचन सफलतापूर्वक सम्पन्न भएर अहिले तिनै तहमा लोकतान्त्रिक सरकार छ । नाटकीय ढङ्गमा एकीकरण गरिएका दुई ठुला पार्टीहरू नेकपा माओवादी र नेकपा एमालेको संयुक्त पार्टी नेकपालाई जनताले दुई तिहाइ बहुमत हुने गरी मतदान गरे सोही अनुसार अहिले केपी ओली नेतृत्वको सरकार सत्तासीन छ । यसले गर्दा नेपालमा अस्थिर राजनीतिको अन्त्य भएको छ । नेपाली इतिहासमा अहिलेको जस्तो बहुमत २०१५ सालमा बी.पी नेतृत्वको नेपाली काँग्रेसले मात्र पाएका थिए । त्यसर्थ, लोकतान्त्रिक एवं प्रजातान्त्रिक अभ्यासको आधारमा हेर्ने हो भने नेपाल विश्वमै एउटा नमुना भएर उदाउँदै गरेको ऐतिहासिक मुलुक हो । तर दुःखद कुरा के मात्र हो भने कामको आधारमा मूल्याङ्कन गर्ने हो भने अहिलेको राजनीति सही दिशामा हिँड्न सकेको छैन । ‘काशी जाने कुतीको बाटो’ भन्ने उखान जस्तै भएको छ वर्तमान राजनीतिक दिशा किनभने ओलीजीको ३२ गुणमा ३० ओटा मात्र गुण रहेछ, शारीरिक स्वस्थताको गुण र कुरा भन्दा काम गर्नुपर्ने व्यवहारिक गुण ओलीजीमा रहेनछ । जसले गर्दा अहिले नेपालीहरूमा निराशा छाइरहेको छ ।

राजनीतिको एउटा सबैभन्दा महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष राजनीतिक अर्थशास्त्र अन्तर्गत अहिलेको बजेटबारे यहाँको धारणा बताईदिनुस न ?

देशको निश्चित समयावधिको सम्पूर्ण वित्तीय कार्यहरु, नीतिहरू र योजनाहरूबारे स्पष्ट खाकाको रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिनुपर्ने बजेट वास्तवमै राजनीतिक अर्थशास्त्रको सबैभन्दा महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष हो । मैले बजेटलाई आय, ध्येय र व्ययको रूपमा बुझ्दै आएको छु । अर्थात, आम्दानी, उद्देश्यहरू वा कार्यक्रमहरू र खर्चहरू बारे सरल र स्पष्ट डिजाइन नै बजेटको सार्वभौम विशेषता हो । अहिलेको हाम्रो अर्थमन्त्री विद्धान नै हुनुहुन्छ, त्यसैले गर्दा नै अर्थतन्त्र सुधारात्मक देख्न पाएका छौँ । तर, हाम्रो नेपालमा प्रस्तुत हुने हरेक बजेटको सबैभन्दा दुःखद पक्ष के हो भने– घाटा बजेट अर्थात ऋण बजेट ल्याएर धेरैजसो अनुत्पादक क्षेत्रमा मात्र बाँडीचुँडी गर्दा देशको अर्थतन्त्र नै कोल्याप्स हुने खतरा भने भई रहन्छ ।

विकास र समृद्धिको लागि सबैभन्दा महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष राजनीतिक व्यवस्था हो वा राजनीतिक संस्कार हो ? अथवा, दीर्घकालीन भिजन हो वा दीर्घकालीन सरकार हो ?

म एक पोलिटिकल साइन्टिस्ट भएकोले मैले बुझेअनुसार विकास र समृद्धिको सबैभन्दा महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष भनेको नेतृत्वकर्ताहरुको दूरदर्शी एवं स्पष्ट भिजन हो । दुःखको कुरा यो छ कि मैले नेपालको सन्दर्भमा बी.पी कोइराला पछि कोही त्यस्तो दूरदर्शी भजनरी नेता भेट्न सकेको छैन । बी.पी को एउटै दूरदर्शी एवं स्पष्ट भिजन के थियो भने– सबै सबै नेपालीहरूको गाँस,बास र कपासको ग्यारेन्टी होस, सबै नेपालीहरूको गरी खाने थोरै भएपछि जमिन होस, सबैको घरमा एउटा गाई होस । सबै नेपालीहरू शान्तिपूर्वक समाजमा मिलेर बस्न सकुन भन्ने थियो । यस्तो सानो तर स्पष्ट र दूरदर्शी लक्ष्य बोकेका नेता हामीले अहिले भेट्न सक्दैनौ । अहिले त चन्द्रमामा बस्ती बसाल्ने, रेलगाडी कुदाउने, पानीजहाज हाँक्ने र चुला चुलामा ग्याँसपाइप पुराउने भन्ने जस्ता अनावश्यक एवं अस्पष्ट लक्ष्यहरू बोकेका नेताहरूको हामी दास भएका छौ । यही नै हाम्रो दुर्भाग्य हो । यदि हाम्रा नेताहरूमा वास्तवमै विकास र समृद्धि ल्याउने दूरदर्शी भिजन थियो भने हाम्रो नेपाल अहिले विकसित मुलुकहरूमा परिसकेको हुन्थ्यो ।

र अर्को कुरा के छ भने दीर्घकालीन भिजनले मात्र पनि पुग्दैन राजनीतिक व्यवस्था पनि सोही अनुसारको हुनुपर्दछ । जस्तै नेपालमा राणा शासन, शाही शासन, पञ्चायत व्यवस्था आदि कयौँ व्यवस्थाहरू आएका थिए तर यस्ता निरङ्कुश राजनीतिक व्यवस्थामा विकास र समृद्धिको कुरा सम्भव हुँदैन । विकास र समृद्धिको लागि त प्रजातान्त्रिक एवं लोकतान्त्रिक राजनीतिक व्यवस्था नै अत्यावश्यक पक्ष हो । राजनीतिक व्यवस्था मात्र ले पनि पुग्दैन राजनीतिक संस्कार पनि चाहिन्छ । जस्तो गुन्डा गर्दी, दादागिरी, माफियागीरी, भष्ट्रचार, नातावाद, कृपावाद, दलालगीरी, हत्याहिंसा, सामाजिक विभेद, फेक इन्काउन्टर, प्रशासनिक काममा जनतालाई सास्ती दिने, बलात्कार, मानव अधिकार उलंघन आदि मौलाउने खालको विकरात्मक राजनीतिक संस्कारले कुनै पनि मुलुकमा विकास र समृद्धि ल्याउन सम्भव हुँदैन । र व्यवस्था, संस्कार, भिजन पछि अर्को महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष के हो भने स्थिर राजनीति हो । अर्थात, स्थिर सरकार गठन हुनु पनि उक्तिकै महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष हो । यी ४ पक्ष बिना विकास र समृद्धि आउँदैन । किनभने, विकास आउने हैन ल्याइनु पर्दछ । जसरी महाथीरको दूरदर्शी भिजनले मलेसिया कायापलट भयो, जसरी लिक्वाङको दूरदर्शी भिजनले सिङ्गापुर छोटो समयमा समृद्द भयो त्यसरी नै नेपालमा दूरदर्शी भिजनको अभावले लामो समयसम्ममा पनि विकास हुन सकेन ।

तपाइ काठमाडौँवासी पनि हुनुहुन्छ, खासमा काठमाडौँवासीलाई रेल वा पानीजहाज चाहिएको छ कि धुलोमुक्त सुन्दर सडक र बस्ने सिट पनि पाउने सार्वजनिक यातायात चाहिएको छ ?

खासमा पछिल्लो पटक मैले अध्ययन र अनुभव गरेअनुसार काठमाडौँ एसियामै प्रदूषित सहरमा परेको छ । अर्थात, एयर पोलुसनमा काठमाडौँ एसियामै नम्बर वान पोजिसनमा आइसक्यो । जसले गर्दा काठमाडौँवासीको औसत आयु समेत घटिरहेको छ । अहिले काठमाडौँवासीमा छाएको निराशाको कुरा गरेरै साध्य छैन । त्यसर्थ, मैले बुझे अनुसार काठमाडौँवासीलाई पानी जहाज वा रेल भन्दा पनि सुन्दर वातावरण चाहिएको छ । म पनि कि पैदल हिडने कि सार्वजनिक यातायातको प्रयोग गर्ने भएकोले १५० जना कोचेको बसमा म पनि कोचिनु परेको छ । ठूला–ठूला महत्वकांक्षी योजनाहरूभन्दा साना–साना अत्यावश्यक कामहरूले नै मानिसहरूलाई खुशी दिन सक्छ जुन कुरा हाम्रो सरकारले मनन गर्नै चाहँदैन ।

‘समृद्ध नेपाल सुखी नेपाली’ भन्ने नाराले निराश नेपालीहरूलाई गिज्याईरहेको जस्तो प्रतित हुँदैन ?

सकारात्मक दृष्टिले हेर्ने हो भने यो नारा राम्रो छ । तर नाराले गर्ने त केही होइन । म स्वयं एक पटक एउटा नागरिक संस्था नवीकरण गर्ने सिलसिलामा नेपाल सरकारको प्रशासनिक फाँटमा गएको थिए, तर त्यहाँ मैले कुकुरले नपाएको दुःख पाएको छु । अब सुखी नेपाली पनि भन्ने अनि नागरिकका स्वतन्त्र अधिकारहरू खुम्चाउन बल गर्ने सरकार देखेर मै पनि पछिल्लो समय निराश भइसके, खबरदारी गर्दा गर्दा सरकारले हाम्रो (नागरिक समाजको) आवाज सुन्दैन । कसैसँग सल्लाह र छलफल नगरी ल्याइएका विधेयकहरू– मिडिया काउन्सिलका विधेयक, विश्वविद्यालयको स्वायत्तता सिद्धाउने चलखेल, मानव अधिकार आयोगलाई खुम्चाउने रणनीति, नागरिकताको समस्या लगायतमा सरकारको गैरजिम्मेवारीपनाले गर्दा सरकारले नेपालीहरूलाई सुखी खुसी भन्दा निराश वा दुखी नै देख्न मन पराउने रहेछ भन्ने भान जनताहरूमा परिसकेको छ । सरकारको यस्ता क्रियाकलापहरुले के प्रस्ट पर्दाछ भने– नेपाली जनताहरूले भनेजस्तै नाक थुनेर पनि नहुने अधिनायकवादको गन्ध आएकै रहेछ । यसको सुधारको निमित्त हामीले बारम्बार खबरादी गरदै आएका छौ ।

पहिले–पहिले चुनाव भएन भनिन्थ्यो, लगभग १० वर्षको अन्तरालमै ठुलो धनराशि खर्च गरेर मुलुकमा ५ वटा चुनावहरू सम्पन्न भइसक्यो, देशलाई संघीयरुपमा टुक्राउँदा पो न छिटो विकास हुन्छ कि भनियो, संघीय चुनाव पनि भयो, देशमा अहिले स्थानीय, प्रादेशिक र संघीय गरी तीनै तहको सरकार छ, तर विकास र समृद्धिको बाटो भने अझै पनि उजाड उजाड प्रतीत हुन्छ ? यसबारे के भन्नु हुन्छ ?

हो प्रजातान्त्रिक अभ्यासको सबैभन्दा सुन्दर पक्ष भनेकै निर्वाचन हो । नेपालले यसमा ठुलो सफलता हाँसिल गरेको छ । छोटो समयमा ठूला–ठूला निर्वाचनहरू शान्तिपूर्वक, सफलतापूर्वक, विश्वसनिय ढंगले सम्पन्न गरेर अहिले सङ्घीय व्यवस्थाको अभ्यासमा छ नेपाल । तर, यत्रा विघ्न लोकतान्त्रिक अभ्यास हुँदा अहिले पनि किन नेपालमा विकास भएन भन्ने सन्दर्भमा भने मेरो दुईवटा मात्र धारणा छ – भजनरी लिडरसीपको अभाव र राजनीतिक व्यवस्थाको अपरिपक्कता । किनभने लिडरले त बस नेतृत्व मात्र दिने हो, मिडीयाबाजी गर्ने, गफ र चुड्का लडाउने, हाजिरिजवाफखेल जस्तो गर्ने, गैरजिम्मेवार बन्ने, कागजी प्रमाणपत्र बटुली हिँड्ने जस्ता असोभनीय कार्यहरू एउटा भीजनरी लिडरले गर्ने कार्य हैन । र, अर्को कुरा हामीले के यो सङ्घीयता हाम्रो देशमा फिट हुन्छ त ? भन्ने बारे पूर्वअनुसन्धान नै गरेनौ, सिधै सङ्घीयता ल्याएर लादिदियौ, परिणाम स्वरूप अहिले तीन सरकारमा त्रिकोणात्मक दोन्द चुलिँदै गएको छ । जसले गर्दा गाँउतहमा सामान्य विकासको कार्यहरू अघि बढेको देखिएता पनि प्रादेशिक र सङ्घीय तहमा भने अझै पनि खासै कुनै परिवर्तन देख्न सकिँदैन । त्यसर्थ, सङ्घीयतामा कुनै जादु हुनेवाला भने छैन ।

टोनी हेगनले एक पटक मसँगको भेटमा भनेका थिए– कपिल! म नेपालमा धेरै घुमे, जमिन माथि के के छ मात्र हैन जमिन मुनि के के छ पनि अनुसन्धान गरे । मेरो अनुसन्धान अनुसार प्राकृतिक सम्पदामा नेपाल पूर्णतः सम्पन्न छ, नेपाली माटो यति धेरै उर्वर छ, नेपाली जनताहरू पनि स्मार्ट छन, बहादुर छन तर विकास र आर्थिक समृद्धि नहुनुको कारण चैँ के होला मैले पत्ता लगाउन सकिरहेको छैन ? तब मैले भनेको थिए– नेपालको अविकासको प्रमुख कारण भनेको भीजनरी लिडरसिपको अभाव र लामो समय राजतन्त्रात्मक व्यवस्था रहनुले नै हो ।

मानवीय समाजमा संस्कार हुन्छ, सभ्यता हुन्छ, के राजनीतिमा चैँ संस्कार वा सभ्यता चाहिँदैन ? यदि चाहिन्छ भने कस्तो खालको आइडल राजनीतिक संस्कार तपाईँ सिफारिस गर्नुहुन्छ र उदाहरणकोलागि कुनदेशको राजनीतिक संस्कारको नाम लिन चाहनुहुन्छ ?

खासमा भन्नुपर्दा मानवीय समाजमा भन्दा ज्यादा संस्कार वा सभ्यता राजनीतिक समाजमा बढी जरुरत पक्ष हो । किनभने जब राजनीतिक समाजमा राम्रो सभ्यताको विकास हुन्छ तब अटोमेटीकरुपमा मानवीय समाजमा सोही अनुसारको संस्कारको विकास हुन पुग्दछ । हाम्रो नेपालको दुःखान्त घटना नै सुन्दर राजनीतिक संस्कार विकास हुन नसक्नु हो । मैले अध्ययन गरे अनुसार राजनीतिमा हुनुपर्ने सबैभन्दा महत्वपूर्ण संस्कार भनेको– ‘जनता जनार्दन’ भन्ने संस्कार नै हो । किनभने– खास राजनीति भनेको सेवा गर्ने संस्था हो, कमाई खाने भाँडो होइन । राजनीति भनेको जनतालाई सेवा गर्ने व्यवस्था हो, जनतालाई दुःख दिने प्रणाली होइन । राजनीति सफा, सरल, स्पष्ट, दूरदर्शी र पादर्शी कामहरू गर्ने कर्मथलो हो, दादागिरी, माफियागीरी, दलालगीरी, भ्रष्टाचार र लुटतन्त्र मच्चाउने संस्था हैन । त्यसर्थ, मेरो सुझाव भनेकै– ‘असल शासन’ संस्कारको विकास गरौँ भन्ने हो ।

र अर्को कुरा म अरू कुनै पनि देशको राजनीतिक संस्कार को नाम लिन चाहन्न किनभने हाम्रै देशको लोकतान्त्रिक एवं प्रजातान्त्रिक अभ्यास विश्वकै आइडल अभ्यास हो । र अब अन्य कमीकमजोरीहरूलाई सुधारेर हरेक पक्षमा हाम्रै देशमा विश्वमै आइडल राजनीतिक संस्कार बनाउन सक्नुपर्दछ । अर्को सुखद पक्ष के छ भने– नेपालका विभिन्न बुद्धिजीवी एवं नागरिक समाजको अर्ती उपदेशलाई मनन गरेर, जनताका सुझावहरूलाई मनन गरेर, विषयविज्ञहरुको सुझावहरूलाई आत्मसाथ गरेर हाम्रो राजनीतिक संस्कारलाई आफ्नो इच्छा र आवश्यकता अनुसार नै बदल्न सक्छौ ।

नेपाली शिक्षित, दीक्षित र उर्जावान युवाहरूलाई दिन २ गुणा रात ४ गुणा देश छाड्नै पर्ने वाध्यात्मक मनोवैज्ञानिक अवस्था सृजना गरेर के यो देशमा समृद्धि आउँछ भन्नेमा तपाईँ विश्वास गनुृहुन्छ ? किनभने देशमा बेरोजगारी, फ्रस्टेसन, असुरक्षा, अभाव, निराशा, स्वच्छ खाद्यान्न अभाव, स्वच्छ हावापानी अभाव आदि चरम उत्कर्षमा छ ?

मुख्य कुरा के छ भने देशमा यदि समृद्धि आउँछ भने समृद्धिको मूल खम्बाहरू नेपाली उर्जावान युवाहरू हुनै पर्दछ । युवाहरूको प्रयोगबिना कुनै पनि खालको समृद्धिको परिकल्पना विश्वका कुनै पनि मुलुकमा गरिएको छैन । तर, दुःखद कुरा यही देखिरहन परेको छ कि– बेरोजगारी एवं भविष्यको असुरक्षाको कारण शिक्षित उर्जावान नेपाली युवाहरू मनोवैज्ञानिकरुपमा फ्रस्टेट भई कोही खाडी, कोही जापान, कोही युरोप, कोही, अमेरिका, कोही कोरिया, कोही अस्ट्रेलिया जस्ता देशहरूमा गई उहाँका नागरिकहरूले छाडेका कामहरू गर्न बाध्य भएका छन । यस्तो प्रक्रियाले चैँ हाम्रो देश हैन विदेशमा चैँ दिन २ गुणा रात ४ गुणा समृद्धि बढिरहन्छ मात्र ।

र अर्को दुःखद बात को हो भने– त्यसरी निराश भएर विदेश गएर पसिनाको खोलो बगाएर कमाएको नेपालीहरूले पठाएको रेमिटेन्सले नै नेपालको अर्थतन्त्रको ठुलो हिस्सा धानेको छ । अर्थात, गरिब किसानहरूले खेतीवालीबाट बुझाएको करले मात्र नपुगेर विदेशमा काम गर्ने नेपालीहरूले पठाएको रेमिटेन्सले नै देश चलाईरहेका छन, नेताहरूले भुँडी फुट्ने गरी खाइरहेका छन् । यसरी त समृद्धि आउँदैन । समृद्धि त योजना र रणनीतिको प्रयोगद्धारा ल्याइनु पर्दछ, विदेशमा भएका दक्ष अनुभवी युवाहरूलाई नेपाल झिकाइनुपर्दछ, सरकारले नेपाली युवाहरूलाई रोजगारी र उज्ज्वल भविष्यको सुनिश्चितता गरिदिनु पर्दछ, किनभने समृद्धिको मुख्य पिलर युवाहरू नै हुन ।

अहिले गाउँघर वा सहरका सबैमानिसहरुमा निराशा उत्कर्षमा छ किनभने देशको हालीमुहाली सम्हालेर बसेका राजनीतिज्ञहरूको गफैगफले मात्र उनीहरूको पेट भरिँदैन, गाँस बास कपासको लागि उन्नत कृषिउत्पादन, घर र रोजगारी अत्यावश्यक पक्ष हो । त्यसर्थ, जनताका यी निराशाहरूले अबका निर्वाचनहरूमा कस्तो प्रभाव पार्दछ ?

नेकपालाई यो सुन्दर संयोग फेरी फेरी आइरहन्छ भन्ने केही पनि ग्यारेन्टी छैन । यो ऐतिहासिक मौकालाई क्यास गरेर नेकपाले जनताकाका भावनाहरू बुझेर, जनताका दुःख पिडाहरूलाई मनन गरेर, जनतालाई गाँस–बास–कपास र रोजगारीको व्यवस्था प्रदान गरेर उनीहरूका निराशाहरूलाई मेटाउने प्रयास गर्यो भने नेकपाको आयु झन थपीदै जान्छ । जनतालाई अनेकन आशा, भरोसा र गफ लडाइ चुनाव जितेर गठन गरेको बाम सरकारको १५ महिना जनताको हितमा खासै कुनै नवीन काम बिना नै सकिइसकेको छ । र, यदि यसरी नै अर्को १५ महिनासम्म जनतालाई निराशा बाढी नै रह्यो भने हामीले भन्नुपर्ने हुन्छ– नेपालमा कम्युिनष्टहरु फिट हुने रहेनछ । किनभने नेपाली जनताहरू जागरुक छन । त्यसर्थ, नेकपाको वर्तमान र भविष्यको आयु नेकपाकै हातमा छ । र हाम्रो अर्को बाध्यात्मक अवस्था के छ भने– अहिले हामीसँग अरू कुनै राजनीतिक विकल्प रेडी नभएकोले होपको लागि पनि होप गर्नुपर्ने अबस्था छ ।

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Savoring the Beauty of Halle (Salle)

Our visit to Halle (Salle) City in Germany holds a special place in our hearts, filled with sweet and cherished memories. It was a joyous occasion as we (Me and Carlos) traveled there to celebrate the 30th birthday of STUBE OST, an organization that supports international students from developing countries in their studies and research.

As alumni of STUBE OST, our time in Halle (Salle) was a reunion like no other. We had the opportunity to reconnect with old friends and meet senior professionals in our respective academic fields. The atmosphere was brimming with camaraderie and a true sense of unity in diversity. The gathering served as a reminder of the impact that organizations like STUBE OST have on fostering connections and nurturing global friendships.

Amidst the festivities, we indulged in delicious breakfast and lunch, savoring the flavors of the local cuisine. The culinary delights added to the overall experience, enhancing the bonds we shared with fellow attendees.

The city tour of Halle (Salle) was a highlight of our visit. Everywhere we looked, we were greeted by a vibrant green landscape. The city's environment-friendly planning, open spaces, gardens, parks, and architectural beauty were a testament to its commitment to sustainability and preserving nature's beauty. We were captivated by the harmony between urban living and nature's embrace. The city exuded a spiritual solitude that touched our souls and left us feeling at peace.

Overall, our experience in Halle (Salle) was nothing short of delightful. The city's green and environmentally conscious atmosphere, combined with the warm hospitality we received, made it a place we truly adored. It was a journey of connection, celebration, and appreciation for the beauty of unity and the wonders of nature.

Some beautiful photographs of the Halle: 

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A Spiritual Quest through the Mad Honey of Wild Mountain of Nepal

I had always been an adventurous soul, constantly seeking new experiences that pushed my boundaries and opened my mind to the wonders of the world. When I heard about the legendary "Mad Honey", also known as "Wild Honey" of the wild Mountain of Nepal, I could not resist the temptation to embark on a journey to discover its effects firsthand.

When I was in Nepal for my research, my dear friend Keyarsing presented me with a half litter of Mad Honey from the majestic Mountain cliff,  I was wildly excited, filled with a mix of excitement and trepidation. I brought that precious gift to Germany where I was studying, firmly believing that I needed to taste it. Having heard about the reputed abilities of Mad Honey to unlock profound mysteries and guide individuals on a spiritual journey through uncharted realms, I felt compelled to experience it firsthand.

On the 15th of June 2023, as I prepared to embark on the long-awaited test, a wild excitement surged within me. The air held a crispness that seemed to carry whispers of ancient tales, speaking of the elusive Mad Honey that promised an unparalleled spiritual experience like no other. Despite being amidst the bustling city, my mind effortlessly transported me back to the breathtaking landscapes of the Himalayas, as if the honey itself had the power to transcend physical boundaries.

As I tasted the first drop of this renowned honey in first time of my life, an array of sensations flooded my being. The initial sweetness soon transformed into an intense rush that left me feeling both mad and crazy. My senses became heightened, and the world around me seemed to take on a surreal quality.

The effects of the Mad Honey were profound and multifaceted. In one moment, I felt meditative and stilled, as if the universe had revealed its deepest secrets to me. In the next, I was thrilled and amazed, marveling at the kaleidoscope of colors that danced before my eyes.

However, amidst the ecstasy, there were moments of fear and uncertainty. My vision became blurry, and a sense of paranoia crept in. Being my first experience, I could not help but worry about the intensity of the journey I had embarked upon. The unfamiliarity of the sensations left me on edge.

To counteract the overwhelming effects, I sought solace in cold baths, submerging myself seven times in cold showers in an attempt to regain a sense of control. I yearned to take a walk and explore the surroundings, but the heightened state of consciousness rendered my body immobile. Fear gripped me tightly as I pondered the consequences of this intense experience. 

A ray of relief shone upon me when I delved into research and discovered that there had been no recorded deaths resulting from Mad Honey consumption. This knowledge eased my fear, allowing me to relax and embrace the journey ahead.

Expecting the effects to subside within a few hours, I was taken aback when it continued for an astonishing ten hours. This contrasted greatly with my prior experiences with Marijuana, which typically lasted around three hours. The extended duration left me in a state of deep introspection and spiritual exploration, far beyond what I had anticipated.

Reflecting on my encounter with Mad Honey, I feel compelled to share a word of caution. This extraordinary journey is not for the faint of heart. The intense highness can be overwhelming and may last much longer than expected. If anybody want to experience the madness of mad honey, it is vital to be mentally and physically prepared, capable of handling the experience for an extended period.

As I reminisce about my first test of Mad Honey, I recognize the blend of emotions it evoked- madness, euphoria, fear, and fascination. It was an extraordinary expedition into uncharted territories of consciousness, a tale that will forever remain etched in my memory.

So, to those who dare to explore the realms of the extraordinary, I offer this advice- approach the Mad Honey experience with caution and respect. Embrace the adventure, but always be mindful of your limits. Only then can you fully immerse yourself in the enchanting world of the Himalayan Mad Honey. Thank you for joining me on this unforgettable journey of wilderness, self-discovery and transcendence.

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Food insecurity and its implications for human rights in Nepal

This article is already published in a journal named "Human Rights Monitor, Issue 32". Its original link is available on the official website of National Human Rights Foundation (HURFON).

Food insecurity is one of the significant global issues that negatively impacts individuals, families, and communities' overall well-being. It is a condition where people lack sufficient access to food for a healthy and active life. Despite being an agriculture-based country, Nepal faces severe food insecurity, and it is one of the leading causes of malnutrition and hunger. This article will examine the implications of food insecurity for human rights and measures to reduces food insecurity in Nepal.

In Nepal, this issue affects a significant portion of the population, particularly those living in rural areas and those from marginalized communities. The consequences of food insecurity are severe, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Food insecurity can also exacerbate existing social inequalities. Marginalized communities such as Dalits, indigenous people, and women are disproportionately affected by food insecurity due to discrimination and lack of access to resources (Bista, 2020). These communities often have limited access to land, water, and other natural resources, making it difficult for them to grow their own food. In addition, they may face barriers to accessing markets, healthcare, and education, further contributing to food insecurity and perpetuating a cycle of poverty.

Extent of food insecurity in Nepal:

According to the Global Hunger Index 2020, Nepal ranks 73rd out of 107 countries with a score of 19.5, indicating a serious level of hunger. The report also highlights that more than a quarter of Nepal's population is undernourished, and 36.6% of Nepali children under the age of five are stunted due to chronic malnutrition. Similarly, the prevalence of wasting, a condition where children are too thin for their height, is 10.6% in Nepal. These statistics show the extent of food insecurity in Nepal.

Human Rights implications:

The right to food is a fundamental human right recognized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Food insecurity in Nepal violates this right and has several implications for other human rights.

The first implication is the right to life. Food insecurity causes malnutrition and hunger, leading to an increased risk of illness and death. The lack of adequate food and nutrition can also have long-term effects on children's growth and development, leading to stunted physical and cognitive development.

The second implication is the right to health. Malnutrition can lead to various health issues, such as anemia, vitamin deficiencies, and weakened immune systems, making individuals more vulnerable to infections and diseases.

The third implication is the right to education. Food-insecure households often cannot afford to send their children to school or provide them with proper nutrition. Hunger and malnutrition can also negatively affect children's ability to learn and concentrate in school, leading to poor academic performance and lower educational attainment.

The fourth implication is the right to work. Food insecurity can lead to reduced productivity, absenteeism, and increased healthcare costs, making it difficult for individuals to maintain stable employment.

The fifth implication is the right to an adequate standard of living. Food insecurity can force individuals to make difficult choices between food, housing, healthcare, and other basic necessities, leading to a lower standard of living.

Works to be done to reduce food insecurity in Nepal:

Nepal has taken some steps to address food insecurity, such as implementing programs to provide food assistance to vulnerable populations and promoting agricultural development. However, these efforts have been limited in scope and effectiveness, and there is still much work to be done to address the root causes of food insecurity.

To effectively tackle food insecurity and uphold human rights in Nepal, the government must prioritize policies that address the underlying causes of food insecurity, such as poverty, inequality, and discrimination. This could involve expanding access to resources such as land, water, and credit for marginalized communities, investing in agricultural development and infrastructure, controlling land grabbing, providing land to landless families, improving access to water through irrigation, and strengthening social safety nets for small-scale farmers and vulnerable populations. 

In addition, the government must ensure that its policies and programs are implemented in an equitable and transparent manner and that the most vulnerable populations are prioritized. And, it is important to recognize that food insecurity is not just a technical issue but also a political and social issue. Addressing food insecurity in Nepal requires a broader transformation of social and economic systems to create a more just and equitable society. This means addressing issues such as corruption, unequal distribution of resources, and discrimination, which contribute to the perpetuation of poverty and food insecurity.

Furthermore, it is important to address the issue of food waste and loss in Nepal, which exacerbates food insecurity. A significant amount of food is wasted due to poor post-harvest handling and storage practices, inadequate transport infrastructure, and other factors. This is particularly true for perishable crops such as fruits and vegetables, which are often lost due to poor storage facilities and lack of cold chain infrastructure. By improving post-harvest handling and storage practices, investing in transport infrastructure, and promoting the development of cold chain facilities, the government can help to reduce food waste and loss, and improve food security.

More importantly, promoting sustainable agricultural practices can help improve food security while addressing environmental sustainability. Sustainable agriculture practices include using organic farming methods, crop rotation, intercropping, and other methods that help to maintain soil fertility, conserve water, and reduce the use of chemical inputs. By promoting sustainable agriculture practices, the government can improve food security while also promoting environmental sustainability and reducing the impacts of climate change.

Another important task to reduce food insecurity in Nepal is to vastly improve access to education; particularly for girls and women. Education is a key factor in improving food security as it enables individuals to acquire the skills and knowledge needed to improve their agricultural practices, access markets, and take advantage of other economic opportunities. As well as, education can help to promote gender equality, reduce discrimination, and improve overall social and economic development.

Efforts to address food insecurity in Nepal must also take into account the impact of climate change, which is exacerbating food insecurity in the country. Climate change is causing more frequent and intense natural disasters, which can lead to crop failures and loss of livelihoods (Dahal, 2018). In addition, rising temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns are affecting crop yields and food production. Addressing the impact of climate change on food security requires both mitigation and adaptation measures. Mitigation measures involve reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the root causes of climate change. Adaptation measures involve helping communities to adapt to the impacts of climate change, such as by developing more resilient crops and improving water management practices.

Finally, it is essential to ensure that the human rights of those who are most affected by food insecurity are protected. This includes ensuring access to healthcare and education, protecting the rights of workers in the agricultural sector, and ensuring that marginalized communities have a voice in decision-making processes that affect their lives.


Conclusion: 

Food insecurity is a serious issue in Nepal that violates several fundamental human rights, particularly the rights to food, health, and life. The government, civil society organizations, and international agencies need to work together to address the root causes of food insecurity and ensure that all Nepali citizens have access to sufficient nutritious food. Investing in agriculture, promoting sustainable agriculture practices, promoting peace and political stability, addressing the impact of climate change, improving access to markets, creating an equitable society, and providing social protection programs can help reduce food insecurity and improve human rights in Nepal.

References:

-Dahal, R. (2018). Land grabbing and food security in Nepal: A critical review. Agriculture and Food Security, 7(1), 1-12.

-Global Hunger Index 2020: https://www.globalhungerindex.org/nepal.html

-Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016: https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR336/FR336.pdf

-Right to Food and Nutrition Watch 2020: https://www.righttofoodandnutrition.org/rfn-watch-2020-nepal

-Bista, R. (2020). Land grabbing and food security in Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3(2), 50-62.

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